Homework

Contraceptives
The Pill must be taken daily to prevent pregnancy and it can be very consqequencial if you miss one and can be severe if you miss 3 and continue to have unprotected sex. The Patch that is placed on a certain area of the body once a week this will stay on while swimming or showering, it must be placed on a pert of the body that has minimal hair coverage. The IUD is place in the uterus by a health care provider that can be placed in for 5-10 years, however this can be extremely painful for some women to put in or remove and for thew first couple of months there will be some heavy bleeding and some severe cramping. Only women who have had a child can use this type of birth control. The Emergency Contraception that is taken after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy, this must be taken within 5 days after sex and better if within the first 3. The implant is placed under the skin in the upper arm to prevent pregnancy, however there are many shortcomings with the implant like spotting or not knowing when to expect your next period because you are not taking soemthing weekly or daily that you can base it upon. The shot a shot that is given every one to three months to prevent pregnancy this why you can choose when you want to reciev your period, however there may be be some spotting.

STI's
FCA’s for this assignment is to include the following for each of the STI’s: 1) What is it? 2) How do you get it? 3) What are the symptoms? 4) How can you know for sure? 5)How is it treated? 6) What can happen if you don’t take care of it?

Chlamydia: Chlamydia is an infection cause by bacteria, and you get it by sexual contact vagianl anal or oral, with someone who has chlamydia. Women don't tend to have symptoms, but can have pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, bleeding after intercourse. Men may have no symptoms, painful peeing, discharge from the penis. You can know for sure by a urine sample, or discharge sample sent to a lab. It is treated by antibiotics. If you don't take care of it, you can get sever infections of reproductive organs, infertility, can pass from mom to baby in childbirth, can spread infection to other sex partners.
Gonorrhea: Gonorrhea is an infection caused by bacteria, and you can get it by sexual contact with someone who has gonorrhea. Womens symptoms are the same as chlamydia including blood/pus from anus and sore throat. Men have the same as women. It is treated with antibiotics, and if you dont take care of it properly, it can cause PID or infertility. It can pass from mom to baby in birth, heart trouble skin issues and or arthritis. It can also spread to other sex partners.
Syphilis: Syphilis is an infection caused by bacteria and is treated with antibiotics, and possible hospitalization. The symptoms are painless sores on mouth, penis, vagina anus or elsewhere. You know for sure if you get a medical exam of the sores, and a blood test. If you dont take care of it, you get new sores rash fever hair loss body aches sore throat swollen glands.
At a stage three it does damage to the heart and brain, can cause PID, sever damage to fetus, or death. And can cause death in the person.
HIV/AIDS: Virus that damages the bodys immune system. You get it by sexual contact with someone who has it, via body fluids. The symptoms are unexplained fever, chills, drenching, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, constant diarrhea, dry cough shortness of breath, constant fatigue, unexplained swollen glands, pink purple flat or raised blotches on or under skin, and persistent white spots in the mouth. You know for sure by a blood test or a sure test. It is treated by a mixture of medicines to try to fight the spread of infection and any illnesses.
If you dont take care of it, you develop a life threatening illness, mother can pass to child, and spread to sex/needle sharing partners.
Genital Herpes: This is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, and once infected with it, it stays in the body. Medication or cream may speed up healing of sores, or it may prevent future outbreaks. You get it by sexual contact, skin to skin contact, with someone who has it. Virus can be passed even if no sores are present. You get painful blisters that break into open sores, and they dry up and disappear within 5-21 days, and swollen glands. You know for sure if you get medical exams of the blisters, or blood test. If you dont take care of it, the sores will come and go normally with stress and/or illnesses. Can spread virus to sex partners even when sores not present, mother can pass to child in birth, and serious death or illness of child.
Genital Warts: An infection caused by Human Papilloma Virus, and once infected the virus stays in body; no known cure warts may be burned off frozen cut or removed with minor surgery. You get it by sexual or skin to skin contact with someone who has HPV. The virus can be passed without the warts visible. The symptoms include small painless cauliflower like bump that grows in and around the genital area. You might have a slight itching or irritation. You know for sure by a medical exam of the bumps, or a PAP test in women. If you dont take care of it, the warts grow larger, become harder to remove, or spread to new areas. HPV is leading cause of cervical cancer in women. It can be passed from mother to child in birth, and can spread the virus to other sex partners.
Pubic Lice "crabs": Crabs is a parasite that lives in and around your genitals. You get it by sexual contact or simply sharing the bed or clothes with someone effected with it. You will have severe itching, see lice/eggs in the pubes, small dots of blood in underwear. You can know for sure if you get a visual exam of the area. Crabs is treated by using special shampoo/lotion, wash all bedding/clothes, have others checked. If you don't take care of it, they may lead to a bacteria infection, may spread to other people, and the symptoms may get worse.

Tobacco
Other types of methods to quit

There are many different ways that a person can quit using tobacco. Some are basic therapies or treatments, while others are pills or pouches that are on the market but have not been approved or reviewed by the FDA.
The basic therapies and such include:

1. Atropine and scopolamine combination therapy: This therapy is described as " Some smoking cessation clinics offer a program using shots of the anticholinergic drugs atropine and scopolamine to help reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms. These drugs are more commonly prescribed for other reasons, such as digestive system problems, motion sickness, or Parkinson's disease. The treatment usually involves shots given in the clinic on one day, followed by a few weeks of pills and wearing patches behind the ear. It may include other drugs to help with side effects as well. Some clinics claim high success rates, but there is no published scientific research to back up these claims. Both atropine and scopolamine are FDA approved for other uses, but they have not been formally studied or approved for help in quitting smoking. Before considering such a program, you may want to ask the clinic about long-term success rates (up to a year). Because these medicines are directed only at the physical aspect of quitting, you may also want to ask if the program includes counseling or other methods aimed at the psychological aspects of quitting." (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Guide_for_Quitting_Smoking.asp#other) People may choose this type because they think that one shot and a couple of pills is quicker than several visits to a therapist for hypnosis or acupuncture.
2. Hypnosis: This is describe as "an artificially induced trance state resembling sleep, characterized by heightened susceptibility to suggestion." (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hypnosis) A person trying to quit may find this helpful because when they are in the trance like state they are more susceptible to opinion and if someone on the outside is telling them to quit, then they are more likely to listen .
   
3. Acupuncture: The dictionary definition for this type of therapy is "a Chinese medical practice or procedure that treats illness or provides local anesthesia by the insertion of needles at specified sites of the body." (http://dictionary.reference.com/search?r=2&q=acupuncture) Also, on the American Cancer Society website it states that "but there is little evidence to support its effectiveness. Acupuncture, when it is done, is typically done on the ears on particular ear sites. Although there is a very weak suggestion that acupuncture might lower the desire for smoking, there still is no solid evidence that it is truly effective as a smoking cessation tool" (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Guide_for_Quitting_Smoking.asp#other)
   
4. Laser Therapy/ Cold laser therapy: The American Cancer society describes this as "Cold lasers are sometimes used for acupuncture, with laser beams to stimulate the body's acupoints rather than needles. The treatment is supposed to relax the smoker and release endorphins (naturally-occurring pain relief substances) in the body to simulate the effects of nicotine in the brain, or balance the body's energy to relieve the addiction. Despite claims of success by some cold laser therapy providers, there is no scientific evidence that shows this is an effective method of helping people stop smoking" (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Guide_for_Quitting_Smoking.asp#other) The person trying to quit may prefer this over acupuncture because of a needle issue and a laser sounds better than hypnosis and safer than acupuncture. Even though there is not a high success rate there are those cases that do work and people may be a lot comfortable with the idea of lasers and not needles.
   
5. Filters: "reduce tar and nicotine in cigarettes are generally not effective since studies show that smokers who use filters actually tend to smoke more." (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Guide_for_Quitting_Smoking.asp#other) So, don't choose this one because it can cause more severe long and short term effects than the other options.
6. Smoking deterrents: "such as over-the-counter products that change the taste of tobacco, "stop smoking diets" that curb nicotine cravings, and combinations of vitamins have little scientific evidence to support their claims." (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Guide_for_Quitting_Smoking.asp#other) Some people may prefer this type because it is a basic thing that can be picked up at the local pharmacy. There are also so many commercials for things like these, like patches and gum, and people believe what is said and they enjoy the convenience.
   

There are others that have not been approved or reviewed by the FDA. These include:

1. Tobacco lozenges and pouches: " Lozenges containing tobacco, (Ariva, Interval) and small, tobacco-containing pouches (Revel, Exalt) are being marketed as alternative ways for smokers to get nicotine in places where smoking is not permitted, rather than as quit smoking aids. The FDA has ruled that these are types of smokeless tobacco, not smoking cessation aids; therefore, the FDA does not have authority over them. There is no evidence that these products can help a person quit smoking" (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Guide_for_Quitting_Smoking.asp#other) People may enjoy these because of their simplicity and convinience, all you have to do is pop one in your mouth like a cough drop and thats it. Also, these can be taken in places where smoking in not allowed.
   
2. Nicotine lollipops and lip balms: "some pharmacies made a product called a "nicotine lollipop". These lollipops often contained a product called nicotine salicylate with a sugar sweetener. Nicotine salicylate is not approved for pharmacy use by the FDA. The FDA has warned several pharmacies to stop selling nicotine lollipops and lip balm on the Internet, calling the products "illegal." The FDA also said "the candy-like products present a risk of accidental use by children." (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/PED_10_13X_Guide_for_Quitting_Smoking.asp#other) People may choose these because of their simplicity, they can be used anywhere where smoking is illegal. But families with small children should either not buy them and look for another type, or keep them out of reach where there is no chance that a child can get one.